Educational Enquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Enquiry - Essay Example In regards, to appointments and work experience it is evident from the curriculum vitae that Ball has held various key positions in numerous institutions that are largely academically or educationally oriented. The academic qualifications and work experience of Ball helps in understanding his evolving position because of the fact that he has had a long participation or involvement with the education sectors that are even beyond the borders of the United Kingdom and his positions in the two papers talks about the evolutions that are being witnessed within the education sector. For example, in the position paper that he published in 2011 he talks about creating a new research agenda for educational leadership and policy, and this can be well understood from the previous research studies that he had written and contributed to, which alluded to a pending shift on the English education policy. The main points presented in the Ball’s 2011 article that was titled â€Å"A new researc h agenda for educational leadership and policy† To begin with, Ball (2011) wrote the article with primary intent to bring to the attention of researchers in the field of leadership and education policy about the new emerging research issues and the pertinent research questions that could help in understanding these emerging research issues in the English education policy. Therefore, the arguments presented by Ball (2011) in this article were mainly geared for use by researchers in the field of leadership and education policy but it could be applied further to researchers in other countries. At the start, Ball (2011) acknowledged the fact that there has been some changes and development in the English educational policy, which have lead to a subsequent change in the way learners are educated and even the way learning institutions are managed. Therefore, it is for this reason that there needs to be a radical change in the approach through which research studies are conducted on the English education policy so as to address pertinent problems and come up with solutions that are in tandem with the changed or the newly formed education landscape. From a wider perspective, it is can be stated that Ball (2011) was advocating for a paradigm shift on the research methodology that is normally applied by researchers in the field of leadership and educational policy since there is need to develop new research skills, data collection tools, and also exploit news locations for obtaining research questions. Ball (2011) suggested that the new research methodology that should be adopted by the researchers should integrate business and financial analysis, which means that the researchers should become conversant with the analytical analysis of an education policy from a business and financial perspective. This new research approach is promoted by the fact that the education sector has in the recent past witnessed increased incorporation of commercial players who were prev iously confined to the private school sector and thus, there is need to look at the education policy from the financial/ money side. According to Ball (2011), one of the key research issues that researchers should critically consider on English Educational Policy is the leadership within learning institut

Korean Film Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Korean Film Industry - Case Study Example As the paper outlines, renaissance, in general, refers to the time period in history when European art and literature was revived. This usually means the rebirth of art in the 16th century. Choi used it in his book to refer to the revival of Korean cinema and the new future towards which the Koreans moved without their hated government. The renaissance referred to the changes in the society as a whole influencing the art and film industry of South Korea. The society was becoming freer and filmmakers were coming with more ideas of freedom and socially conscious themes which were previously banned. Choi describes the revival of the Korean cinema where the local cinema was vanishing the films were made more commercially and globally. The barriers to the foreign imports were forced open and Hollywood entered South Korea. This rebirth of Korean cinema went a long way since 1992 till present, and today the films are commercial, global, and have evolving production standards. Renaissance th us refers to all these changes and advancements seen in the Korean cinema since the 1990s till the present day. These changes were highly noticeable in the films that were made in the following decade. The Marriage Life (1992) was a romantic comedy directed by Kim Yui-Seok. The film marked the renaissance of the Korean film industry with its depiction of gender roles, portraying the reality of love and sex, and attracting the younger audience towards the Korean cinema again.  The movie was about Kim Tae-guy who was a radio producer and Choi Ji-Hye who was a voice actress at the radio station. The couple falls in love and gets married. They have desires for sex and fantasies for getting married just as any young couple would have despite the objections from their respected families, they get married and begin their life. Eventually, they start experiencing the reality of married life with laundry piles and house cleaning but they still have a mutual passion for each other which mak es their married life exciting and happy. The film shows the marriage a tremendous success in the beginning but eventually, the couple starts to face a hectic life which becomes a nightmare (Stringer 32).   Ã‚  

Critical Analysis Of Arrow

Critical Analysis Of Arrow Arrow is a American television series which can be classified in the action adventure genre. The central character is Oliver Queen a playboy billionaire who was lost at sea when his yacht capsized and had to struggle for survival for five years alone on an uncharted island. The series starts with his return back home and his changed outlook on life. He takes up a persona of a masked vigilante and starts to fight crime with his weapon of choice being a bow and an arrow. The series is based on the fictional DC comic character Green Arrow and moves backwards in time as much as it does forward, to justify the actions of the now vigilante by keeping viewers a briefed by introducing flashbacks of events that happened to the the playboy/soft Oliver Queen to turn him into this darker character. The first episode premiered in North America on the CW (CBS and Warner Bros.) network on 10th October 2012 with international broadcasting taking place later in the year. The series being in its first season and having aired at this point a total of nine episodes world wide has been at the centre of a massive cross over from comic books to feature length films that is becoming a predominant theme at the Hollywood Box office. The reason why television series are playing such an effective role in this cross over is because of the depth of the character they can provide over a long series as compared to a feature film. With Chris Nolans Batman trilogy completed in 2012, the origins of Superman to be retold to a new generation in Zack Snyders The Man of Steel schedule for release in 2013, Green Lantern established as a character in the self titled 2011 release, the stage has been set for all of them coming together in the 2015 release of the Justice League (DC comics answer to Marvel comics Avengers). The character missing from this equation is Oliver Queen alias The Green Arrow who now stars as the central character in the television series Arrow. Arrow not surprisingly coincides with the 2011 television series finale of Smallville, which chronicled Supermans journey from childhood to becoming a superhero, taking over the 8pm time slot that was formerly held by Smallville on CW network. This has strategically worked on multiple fronts. Firstly it is being compared from the outset to Smallville, two shows that are inspired by DC comic characters which is working in raising interest amidst Smallville viewers and fans, secondly it is showing Green Arrow in a different light than his care free persona which guest starred in Smallville and lastly it has been placed before the very popular show Super Natural, both shows mirror each other in theme of being suspense action thrillers with central characters being hunters. The core team that has developed the series and has been successful in bringing it on air comprises of Andrew Kreisberg, Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and David Nutter. The first three names have developed the story and script together or in part, for most of the season, while David was the director of the first three episodes, including the pilot, playing an intrinsic role in getting the series approved. In terms of familiarity with the central character, the DC universe and experience with successful shows, Arrow could not have hoped for a better team. Andrew Kreisberg in 2009 was the co-executive producer and writer for the hugely successful series Fringe and has actually written a comic book ongoing series Green Arrow and the Black Canary published by DC Comics starring Green Arrow. He was further involved in the marketing of the television series when he wrote the 10 page preview comic produced by DC for the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con,, sharing the same plot structure as the tele vision series which Kreisberg commented by saying, Anyone who grabs a copy: Hold onto it and as the (television) series progresses, youll appreciate it more and more. Greg Berlanti on the other hand has written the script for the movie Green Lantern, based on another DC character who will be paired with Green Arrow in the 2015 release of the Justice League while Marc Guggenheim has written television scripts for e.g The Practice and has also written for DC comics The Flash and Justice Society of America. Interestingly Dave Nutter is known for directing pilot episodes for television series and is often referred to as the pilot whisperer. His break came when he directed episodes of the X-Files but his claim to fame are still the first sixteen pilot episodes that he directed which all went on to become series, including Smallville. From an aesthetic viewpoint Arrow really has to be divided into 3 different segments for a fair analysis which are present Olivers public life, the flashbacks which take us back to the island and the action scenes in which Oliver acts out as the vigilante in costume. Firstly the lighting and color tones in all three are noticeably different. In the flashbacks the color tone turns to grey playing into the theme of his isolation, fear and confusion, instinctively pointing to the viewer that this is indeed a flashback/memory. Then we have the public life of Oliver Queen in which he continues to keep up his playboy faà §ade to cover up his darker alter ego. These scenes are often spent among family and friends or making public addresses, which are all well lit almost to the point of having a yellow tone to them, playing into the notion of the rich and famous, all glitter and gold. Then there are the night scenes in which the vigilante comes out to extract his idea of justice, in which t here is a lot of usage of shadows, setting the feeling of mystic and playing an important role in hiding Olivers face, from the villains as well as the viewers. In the flashback scenes the camera work remains edgy, almost has a hand free look to it while the editing in terms of cuts is very quick and often this technique is used to suggest lapses in time, from passage of hours, in some instances passing of days. The framing in these scenes, to compliment the editing, normally sticks to mid close up shots to extreme close ups so that the rush of the moment tempo can be sustained. Olivers public life scenes in the contemporary timeline show a range from close ups frames to long shots. There are a lot of establishing shots to justify the setting of the place from house, restaurants, night clubs etc, also the long shots are used to show the grandeur of the way Oliver and his family live. The editing cuts slow down as well and more time is spent in establishing one scene from one angle before switching to the next angle. The vigilante scenes revert back to the same formulae as the flashback scenes in terms of their framing and editing but differ in the way the camera is handled. The camera are more steady shots which are improvised by use of tracks and cranes but still are very different from the handheld look used in the flashback scenes. Diegetic sound has been used amply to justify certain scenes, examples of this are gunshots, the sound of the arrow leaving the bow, the sound of moving water in the flashback scenes reminding the audience that Oliver is on an island even at times when the water isnt shown, not to mention the music in the background from a party taking place downstairs when Oliver and other characters are having a conversation in a room upstairs etc. In non-diegetic sound, music from other artists is used in the romance scenes and other emotional situations but the most intriguing is the original music score that was composed by Blake Neely. The dark music theme sets the mood for this dark take on the Green Arrow character. Blake Neely admits in a promotional video released about the composition of the music, prior to the airing of the series, that he was pleasantly surprised when the writers of the show asked him to go as dark and menacing as he could. Most of the vigilante scenes and the flashbacks use only the original theme, which plays well in keeping the link alive in the audiences mind, that what happened to Oliver on the island has led to him becoming what he is now, the vigilante Green Arrow. The critical reception towards Arrow has been favourable with Metacritic giving it a score of 73%, based on reviews from 25 critics. Mary McNamara (Los Angeles Times) said the series has a quality look to it and an interesting setting ,Smooth without being slick, textured but not self-indulgent, Arrow reminds us that the best stories we tell are both revelatory and a whole lot of fun to watch. Robert Bianco (USA Today) stated Granted, its all standard superhero stuff but the action scenes are well-handled, the emotions and the characters mostly ring true, and the plot offers enough twists to keep you intrigued. while David Hinckley (NewYork Daily News) wrote Arrow turns out to be a lively show, probably better than hard-core Green Arrow fans expected. Thats a good start.. While there are praises for Arrow by and large by critics, the articles have an undertone of a pleasant surprise like they were expecting worse and I think that worked for Arrow as it took people by surprise, not for being that great but for being far better than they expected. Not all reviews were full of praise though for e.g Brian Lowery (Variety) called the characters as strictly two dimensional and argued that there is over use of action scenes for a hour long episode. He also compared the over all setting of the series and the central character as being a surrogate Batman story. The most telling of reviews was probably that of Ken Tucker (Entertainment Weekly) suggesting that Your interest in Arrow depends on how much you miss the troubled-in-love, conflicted-by-family heroics of Smallvilleit mirrors that series setup. I think Ken Tuckers review has nailed the essence of the fans reaction to the show. Arrow has appealed to Smallville fans who have adopted it as their logical replacement after the Smallvilles tenth season finale bringing the series to a close. Those who didnt take well to Smallville are having the same objections to Arrow, with common complaints being of the characters being too involved in their emotional family sagas and their love lives rather than taking the plot of the mystery forward. Some fans of Batman are viewing it as a step down as the background stories of the two characters have a lot of similarities, playboy billionaires coming back after many years to their respective fictitious cities (Gotham and Starling City), becoming maske d vigilantes fighting against crime and injustice. Luckily for Arrow, Smallville did have a large viewership and the comic book fans of Green Arrow have reacted well to the new television series which has enabled it to amass a descent following. Arrow has lived up to its hype through the cinematic way that its been written, filmed and edited. Use of the original music/score has allowed the viewers to follow the journey of Oliver from the present narrative to his flashes back in time with ease, while the diegetic sound is used amply and with good effect in the action scenes to capture the intensity of the moment. If the first nine episodes are any indication, which they are as Arrow has become CW networks first major success since the Vampire Diaries in terms of ratings, the series has all the potential of enduring against its competition. The co-writers past experience with writing for DC comics have aided them in bringing the best rendition of the character of Oliver Queen to the television screen, while the plot deepening in each e pisode, with the mystery surrounding his enemies and his past, is sure to keep the audience intrigued for what seems to be at least a couple more seasons to come. 3 ACT STRUCTURE ACT 1 The time period is contemporary London. The story follows our protagonist Jeremy, who is a successful banker in his mid 30s, coming from an affluent family. His commitment to his profession and ambition to climb up the corporate ladder has made it difficult for him to find his soul mate. After several years of attempting to find someone he lets Tim, his childhood friend, set him up on a blind date with Kelly, Tims neighbour. Kelly is in her mid 20s, a free spirited, care free personality, working in a local restaurant. Plot Point 1: Jeremy meets Kelly in a local diner and intrigued by her spontaneity is instantaneously attracted to her, as Kelly is to his ambitious nature. Jeremy decides to keep seeing Kelly which Kelly agrees to although deep down she realizes how different they really are. ACT 2 Eight months have passed since Jeremy first met Kelly. Jeremy keeps falling deeper in love with her and wants to marry her. In the back of his mind he also feels that Kelly might be interested in someone else as she has been acting emotionally distant recently, the truth being that he doesnt realize that Kelly is scared of a serious commitment. Despite all the troubles they have had on account of differences in their personality, and his suspicions, he feels that if she agrees to marry him all the problems between them will be resolved. Middle point: Jeremy proposes to Kelly in the diner where they first met, taken aback as she was expecting a more serious build-up, like a formal dinner, in which she would have been better prepared to make a well thought out decision, she is taken in by the moment and decides to say Yes. After further contemplation Kelly decides that she does love Jeremy but could not spend the rest of her life with someone so different. She wants to get break off the engagement. Although knowing it will be extremely heartbreaking for her, she is more concerned about Jeremy, as the last thing she wants to do is hurt him. Plot Point 2: Jeremys suspicions increase as Kelly seems even more detached after the engagement. Against his better judgement he goes through her mobile text messages in which he sees a text from her to Tim saying I rather be with you. This sends Jeremy in a rage of fury and he decides if Kelly is having an affair with his best friend, then their engagement is over. ACT 3 Jeremy has an altercation with Tim in which Tim denies any involvement with Kelly. Jeremy then decides that he should call Kelly to his place and give her a chance to explain. He would be willing to forgive her anything but this and wants her to tell him it isnt true. As Kelly is on her way over Tim calls her and tells her what Jeremy was accusing Tim off. She is hurt as through all their problems Kelly never thought of anyone else while she was with Jeremy. The text message was completely unrelated to Jeremy and was a joke between two friends on a unrelated topic. Climax: Kelly arrives at Jeremys house only to find that he has adopted a very cold demeanour towards her. He asks her whether she had cheated on him with Tim. She thinks about telling the truth but sees this as the only way she can break the engagement without making Jeremy feel that he is not worthy of her. With bitter sadness she says Yes and leaves the house with tears rolling down her eyes. For the first time since they met, Jeremy and Kelly are on the same emotional place, they do love each other, but understand they were never meant to be. Synopsis of the Pitch Idea In contemporary London, Jeremy a successful banker in his 30s, driven by ambition and overburdened by his work hasnt found the time to find his soul mate. After much hesitation he lets his childhood friend Tim set him up on a blind date with a girl named Kelly. Kelly in her mid 20s, works in a local restaurant as a waitress and is the polar opposite in personality to Jeremy. When they meet opposites attract and Jeremy asks Kelly if he can continue seeing her to which she agrees. Half a year later they have grown to love each other but that doesnt stop them from having major fights on account of their personality differences because of which Kelly starts becoming emotionally distant. Jeremy being blinded by love mistakes this as Kelly being interested in someone else. He feels that whatever the reasons for their problems in the relation, internally and externally, will resolve themselves if he proposed to Kelly. Jeremy proposes to Kelly in the diner where they first met, taken aback by the suddenness of the gesture, Kelly is taken in by the moment and decides to say Yes. Only a few weeks later to realize that love is not enough when two people are just not compatible. Although she loves him, she realizes for both of their sake she needs to end things with Jeremy but she cant think of a way in which it wont Jeremys suspicions increase as Kelly seems even more detached after the engagement. Against his better judgement he goes through her mobile text messages in which he sees a text from her to Tim saying I rather be with you. This sends Jeremy in a rage of fury and he decides if Kelly is having an affair with his best friend, then their engagement is over. Kelly arrives at Jeremys house only to find that he has adopted a very cold demeanour towards her. He asks her whether she had cheated on him with Tim. She thinks about telling the truth but sees this as the only way she can break the engagement without making Jeremy feel that he is not worthy of her. With bitter sadness she says Yes and leaves the house with tears rolling down her eyes. For the first time since they met, Jeremy and Kelly are on the same emotional place, they do love each other, but understand they were never meant to be. COLD CHARACHTERIZATION OF LEAD CHARACTERS IN THE SCRIPT KELLY JEREMY OUTER MOTIVATION (Goal) To make the relationship work To make the relationship work OUTER CONFLICT Not coping well with Jeremys seriousness of life A bit too dependent on Kelly INNER MOTIVATION (Dramatic Need) To remain care free To control things INNER CONFLICT Loves Jeremy but cant be herself with him Largely discontent with himself EXTRA-PERSONAL CONFLICT None Dissatisfied and disillusioned by the world in general SECOND LEVEL OF SELL To bring happiness to whom ever she meets None TRANSFORMATION ARC From care free to being heart broken (negative) From being caring to becoming cold hearted (negative) WORST ATTRIBUTE Blunt Controlling BEST ATTRIBUTE Idealistic Determined Kelly Is a strong woman who likes to live life one day at a time. She is 24 years old and has lived in London through out her life. Her blunt and care free nature make it very easy for her to make friends with strangers but as she doesnt believe in staying in one place or dependant on anyone, she has a way of losing touch with friends, although never on a bad note. The most important people in her life have been her parents, her dad is still alive but her mother passed away when she was 16 years old. Shes what one would consider conventionally pretty, not that tall and has a tendency to act and dress casual at most times. Shell often be seen in her favourite pair of jeans, a short shirt and a wool cap. She is down to earth but firm in her beliefs of being herself and is blunt, more out of spontaneity than rudeness. She met Jeremy in a casual conversation in a bus and decided to stay in touch with him after he asked to exchange numbers. Over time she has fallen in love with him but deep dow n is concerned about the contrast between his controlling nature and her care free attitude. Jeremy Jeremy has also lived in London his whole life and is the only son of an extremely wealthy couple. He is a successful banker in his mid 30s and ran into Kelly in a bus on the way back from work when his car broke down. Hes tall, blonde and considered to be handsome. He is the strong silent type, who doesnt say much and feels he can freely speak in front of very few people. His love for Kelly has grown as he sees himself quite differently when hes with her than when around other people. As much as he loves her he understands that his habit of always wanting to be in control of things is an inherit part of him and doesnt understand how that would play out in the future with someone like Kelly. He also has a obnoxious side to him as his rich upbringing makes him feel that he is better than the common folk. He is extremely determined to stay set in his ways and finds it hard to take no for an answer. Research Idea (Research on the Project) Trials and tribulations in any relationship have always intrigued me especially the dynamics of two people trying to make a serious commitment to each other yet failing to end up together when, for all intents and purposes, they seem like nice people in their own right. When a friend of mine from another University in England mentioned working together and wanting to make a short film on problems faced by young couples in the contemporary British society, we got to work searching for material online. I looked through articles on the internet and some interesting statistics that I came across were suggesting that dwelling over the past and your ex, was a strong cause of emotional stress and depression. According to the 2011 survey carried out by YourTango.com, an online website dedicated to articles on relationship aspects and advice on matters, most people are still hung up on their ex: 71% of people say they think about their ex too much; narrowed to singles the figure goes up to 81%. More than half (57%) of singletons say thinking about their ex prevents them from finding new love. Both women and men remain attached to their exes. 74% of women and 64% of men think about their ex too much 76% of women and 70% of men have looked up an ex on the internet 50% of women and 40% of men say they look at their exs Facebook or other online profile too often. I felt the only way to make it intriguing for the viewer would be if the story revolved around everything that one shouldnt do in a relationship rather than discussing what one should. So after reading another article What Is The Best Way To Overcome Jealousy? I though the male counterpart in the story should suffer from jealousy as chronic jealousy according to the article leads to jumping to conclusions, suffering from paranoia, putting yourself in stress with recurring negative thoughts ultimately leading to moments of lashing out which make it difficult for the other person to stay with you. Having characterized to male character, I wanted the story to be balanced, so it was imperative that the female character embodies certain traits that cause the rift between them and blame isnt one sided. So the female character being free spirited is scared of a serious commitment to someone slightly older and more grounded than her. Although they have gotten engaged and she does love him, how does she react to realizing that they just arent compatible in the long run and would end up making each other miserable. I helpful article on this front was one written in 2009 by Simon Oaks titled How To Break Up With A Man: Dont Be Ambiguous. The article suggested that the best way to go about breaking of your relationship was to Make A Clean Break, by not hinting about it but rather saying the words Its over so it makes matters clear , secondly to Be Direct and not leave messages, letters etc, but by having the conversation face to face. So to make the story more complex, the female character spends more time trying to break off their engagement by suggesting, hinting and growing emotionally distant thinking that would be a better ploy and less heartbreaking for the male character but instead leads to more paranoia, suspicion and stress on his part. The feel/tone of the film is inspired by two different films, a French 70 minute film written and directed by Olivier Roberge and Patrick Boivin called Fall Finally that I saw online which follows a couples love affair and eventual breakup. I felt the cinematography for a low budget film, with interesting and crisp color toning and camera movements was inspirational. The camera movements could be done without excessive or expensive equipment and the up and do of the relationship were handled well. The other is a short film Symmetry made by filmmakers Will Hoffman, Daniel Mercadante, and Julius Metoyer, which plays with our yearning for balance, and reveals how beautiful imperfect matches can be, which has inspired the editing style of the flashback/memory scenes in which Ill attempt to use point of view (POV) shots a time lapse effects in post editing to make it visually different from the rest of the film.

The Mill on the Floss :: essays research papers

The Mill on the Floss is a book written by George Eliot, whose real name is Mary Anne (later Marian) Evans. There is a great deal of autobiography in this book. The facts of Mary Anne's life do not match Maggie Tulliver, but there is an obvious reflection of her own life. Book One: Chapter1-13 The novel opens up with a description of the countryside around the town of St. Ogg's and the river Floss. In the second chapter Maggie, Mr. Tulliver, Mrs. Tulliver, and Mr. Riley are introduced. Mr. Tulliver states his intention to send Tom to a different school. In the third chapter Mr. Riley gives his advice about a school for Tom. In the forth chapter Mr. Tulliver goes after Tom, while Mr. Tulliver is gone you learn about that Maggie's mother is concerned mainly with what her family thinks. In the fifth chapter Tom is home and you learn that he cares for his sister Maggie deeply, and that Tom's opinion is very important to Maggie. In the sixth chapter the Tulliver's are getting ready for the aunts and uncles to arrive. In the seventh chapter the family arrives and you are introduced to Mrs. Glegg, Mrs. Pullet, Mrs. Deane and Maggie's cousin Lucy. Mr. Tulliver states his intention to send Tom to school and it is met with opposition. In the eighth chapter he goes to his brother-in-laws house to demand the money that he owes him so that he can pay his wife's sister Mrs. Glegg. In chapter nine you read about the Tullivers going to visit the Pullets. In the tenth chapter Maggie pushed Lucy in the mud because she is receiving most of Tom's attention. When Tom goes to tell on her she runs off and can't be found. In the eleventh chapter Maggie decides to run away to the gypsies, but after learning how poor they were and how little of food they had she decides to go back home. In the twelfth chapter you read that St. Ogg is named for it's patron saint who showed pity on a woman and child. St. Ogg is the town where the Gleggs live. In the thirteenth chapter Mr. Tulliver borrows money from a client of his old enemy Wakem. Book One: Chapter 1-7 In the first chapter of this book Tom is at school, and he is Stelling's only student. Maggie goes to visit him in October. In the second chapter Tom gets to come home for Christmas. Mr. Tulliver has a lawsuit against Mr. Pivart , his next door neighbor. It has also become known that Wakem's son will be sent to school with The Mill on the Floss :: essays research papers The Mill on the Floss is a book written by George Eliot, whose real name is Mary Anne (later Marian) Evans. There is a great deal of autobiography in this book. The facts of Mary Anne's life do not match Maggie Tulliver, but there is an obvious reflection of her own life. Book One: Chapter1-13 The novel opens up with a description of the countryside around the town of St. Ogg's and the river Floss. In the second chapter Maggie, Mr. Tulliver, Mrs. Tulliver, and Mr. Riley are introduced. Mr. Tulliver states his intention to send Tom to a different school. In the third chapter Mr. Riley gives his advice about a school for Tom. In the forth chapter Mr. Tulliver goes after Tom, while Mr. Tulliver is gone you learn about that Maggie's mother is concerned mainly with what her family thinks. In the fifth chapter Tom is home and you learn that he cares for his sister Maggie deeply, and that Tom's opinion is very important to Maggie. In the sixth chapter the Tulliver's are getting ready for the aunts and uncles to arrive. In the seventh chapter the family arrives and you are introduced to Mrs. Glegg, Mrs. Pullet, Mrs. Deane and Maggie's cousin Lucy. Mr. Tulliver states his intention to send Tom to school and it is met with opposition. In the eighth chapter he goes to his brother-in-laws house to demand the money that he owes him so that he can pay his wife's sister Mrs. Glegg. In chapter nine you read about the Tullivers going to visit the Pullets. In the tenth chapter Maggie pushed Lucy in the mud because she is receiving most of Tom's attention. When Tom goes to tell on her she runs off and can't be found. In the eleventh chapter Maggie decides to run away to the gypsies, but after learning how poor they were and how little of food they had she decides to go back home. In the twelfth chapter you read that St. Ogg is named for it's patron saint who showed pity on a woman and child. St. Ogg is the town where the Gleggs live. In the thirteenth chapter Mr. Tulliver borrows money from a client of his old enemy Wakem. Book One: Chapter 1-7 In the first chapter of this book Tom is at school, and he is Stelling's only student. Maggie goes to visit him in October. In the second chapter Tom gets to come home for Christmas. Mr. Tulliver has a lawsuit against Mr. Pivart , his next door neighbor. It has also become known that Wakem's son will be sent to school with

Food Systems and the Environment Essay

The status of food security in any community across the globe can be considered as the major principal outcome of food systems when these systems are defined generically and broadly. Increase in the productivity and efficiency of food systems have shown much success across the globe in improving nutrition and reducing the prevalence of hunger. However the efficiency and productivity of food systems have raised concerns as they pose serious threats to economic, environmental and social goals and hence they have undermined food security. On the other hand environmental changes around the world in the context of political, economic and social changes may result to unprecedented stresses to bear on food security and food systems. Food systems are conceived as set of activities that range from production through to consumption. In production process of raw materials for food the major trends have been intensification of agriculture which is accompanied by concentration in the agricultural inputs and the trend to larger agricultural lands sizes with hired labor. This trend is accompanied by increased fragmentation of land among the marginalized small holders. As a consequence there is increased demand of water for irrigation, increased pollution, soil loss and increased energy demands in the production sectors. (i. ) Environmental pollution resulting from food processing industries In the current economic systems farming is no longer the dominant economic activity in the overall food systems. This is because people are more concerned in adding value in the overall food product in the area of processing and packing of raw materials into food products. Due to increase of these activities many factories and industries have concentrated up and down the food production and supply chain. The expansion of industries has resulted to more toxic effluents being emitted from factories into water and air. The number of processing industries in both urban and rural areas has grown tremendously which have resulted to pollution of water bodies, air and soil (Richardson, pp 7). In some cases ground water quality has also been affected due to increasing production and use of pesticides and fertilizers aimed at promoting more intensive cropping and self sufficiency in food. Expansion of factories and food processing plants has also created major problems of waste disposal. Low lying fields are generally used for waste disposals without the benefits of using sanitary methods have resulted to major pollution problems. (ii) Over killing of animals species leading endangered species. Endangered animal species face the dander of becoming extinct since they are low in number and therefore need protection in order to survive. Human activities such as killing animals for food and commercial trade are rendering many animals to continue suffering high rates of exploitation. A species that is being overexploited become endangered or may become extinct due to the rate at which is being consumed. An example of over exploitation that has been experienced was the unrestricted whaling. The whaling industry during this time over exploited whales and resulted to low population sizes of whales. Due to the decreased number of whales and nearly some of them were nearly extinct several governments agreed to abide by international moratorium on whaling. Over exploitation of animals species harms livelihood since high proportion of world’s population depends on wildlife for their meat protein and their components provided traditional medicines. Over exploitation of plant and animal species does not only affects the following community and threatens the particular species but also it causes imbalance in the whole ecosystem (Guynup, para 4). (iii) Genetically modified foods ecological balance Genetically modified foods are produced from animals and plants which their genes are changed by scientists in the laboratory. Genes are written on the DNA and are the chemical instruction for building and maintaining life. Scientists modify these genes and alter the characteristics of an organism. In so doing yields and resistance to diseases can be improved in both plants and animals. However there are fears some of the genes which have been introduced into some crops can escape and be transferred to other plant species where they can have adverse effects. Some critiques believes that leakage of these genes will result to emergence of super weeds and extinctions of ordinary species of birds and insects and the food chain will became damaged (Eiswasser, Gan & Alia, pp 9). (b) Influence of environment to food systems (i) Effects of global warming and environmental pollution. The overall climate changes including global warming and the increased climate variability will result to variety of impacts on agriculture. Some of he effects of climate change are ecological, biophysical and some are economic. These factors include the following; first there will be shift in agricultural zone and climate towards the poles. Second, the production patterns would be changed due to higher temperatures. Third, agricultural productivity in some regions would be increased due to increased levels of carbon dioxide, fourth the precipitation patterns will be changed and finally most people will be vulnerable of becoming landless. In addition changes of weather patterns may lead to increased crop infestation by pests and chocking weed. In most of the low lying climate change will result to decreased crop yields and therefore in most regions net import of crops will increase. Higher prices of food will render most people to become at risk of hunger (Natural Resources Defense Council, para 8). (ii) Greenhouse production Greenhouse method of food production makes use of controlled environment in modern terms it is also referred to as controlled environmental agricultures. Those methods enables farmers to cultivate food or fruit producing plants in areas and at times when weather conditions would prevent them from growing or adversely affects them green house also prevents the crops from adverse weather conditions which due to the ever increasing population and more agricultural land being lost to urban development. Intensive food production in greenhouse will play a significant role in food production (Peet, para 11). (iii) Location and food prices Provision of food system impacts on what people choose to eat and evidently people can only choose foods that are accessible, affordable and available to them. Food availability is related to the prices and this is determined on the process that the food gets to the consumers and what is on offer. Development and changes of food distribution and supply may be parallel but there may remain strong cultural differences between regions in the way food is produced, distributed and made available to consumers. The cost of distribution of food also affects the food prices due to higher transport costs over long distances (Iton, pp 14). 2. Relationship between food and society. (a) Influence of food systems to the society. Alongside global environmental changes globalization of consumers’ preferences is another change that is taking place. In food systems the spread of fast food is considered synonymous with globalization. There has also been expansion of Asian Latin American and African and other international cuisines into national food cultures (Food and Fuel America. com, para 8). (ii) Food cultures bring people together. There are several areas which can help to bring cultures together. These include talent shows, style shows, and food court. These areas are more effective especially when they are organized for international cultural festivals. When people are eating from the same table they can speak and ask each other questions about their culture directly. Food cultures and style show displays expressions from different countries and therefore people can learn the cultures through hearing, feeling and experiencing the show. In addition people learn about each other when they start taking about food (Weickgenant, para 5). (iii)Treads in food production in the global economy In the year 1999 economic recovery had manifested itself globally after the global slow down which was cause by financial crisis in 1997 and 1998 in Asia. In the year 2000 there was further strengthening and the world GDP was expected to rise by not less than 3 percent which would reflect stronger economic activities. GDP in the developing countries is expected to rise by 4 to 5 percent. At this rate the growth of agricultural GDP in developing countries would not grow strongly than overall GDP in developed countries which is expected to grow at the rate of 5 to 6 percent (Rosegrant, Paisner & Witcover, pp 4). Emerging food safety technologies Due to the needs of the societies to keep food for longer, government agencies and departments of homeland security set targets on bulky food contamination as the focus of attention for food security. Tampering of food or contamination of bulky food poses a serious threat to society. New technologies on the other hand provide mean of monitoring food systems and modifies people behavior. The surveillance technology that has been developed influences individual behaviors and altitudes by introducing additional procedural arrangement (Hendrickx, para 10). Government enacts laws and policies in order to offer remedies of harms which might have been created in the past for example enacting new seed law. Government also aims at protecting safety, quality and health of its citizens (Niskanen, pp 13). Changing in demand and supply When the demand and of a particular product of food increases production and supply of that product increases. As a result there will be much of that product in the market leading to fall in demand and price of the product leading to reduced production and supply (Lee, pp 6). Work Cited Eiswasser E, Gan K & Alia K. Genetically modified foods raise new legal issues, 2001.Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. cov. com/files/Publication/e435e641-b00a-4e20-92f3-0a8639b8f9bb/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/7cd905a2-fe8e-4a25-8709-1096d7ce6aef/oid6070. pdf. Food and Fuel America. com. Food and Fuel America, 2007. Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. foodandfuelamerica. com/2007/06/find-alternative-fuel-location. html. Guynup S. Killing the Endangered Species Act, 2008. Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. blueridgepress. com/Forms/brp_columns/*ws4d-db-query-Show. ws4d? *ws4d-db-query-Show***EBK-EB-089090098094094090-1377***-Database***-***brp_columns(directory)***. ws4d? brp_columns/detail. html. Hendrickx D. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2008. Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. elsevier. com/locate/ifset. Iton A. Tackling the Root Causes of Health Disparities through Community Capacity Building. Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. chc. ucsf. edu/pdf/Iton-Tackling%20The%20Root%20Causes%20of%20Health%20Disparities. pdf. Lee D. Demand and Supply the Freeman: Ideas on Liberty, 1998. Retrieved on 1st October 2008 from; http://www. commonsenseeconomics. com/Readings/Demand%20and%20Supply. CSE. pdf Natural Resources Defense Council. Issues: Global Warming, 2008. R

IMPACT SOCIO CULTURAL FACTORS ON BUSINESS Essay

Business is an economic activity and decision making by the management is an economic process. It will be influenced by economic and non economic environment of business. You will appreciate that the business environment is quit complex, with heterogeneous elements in the environment. A manager must understand and analyse this process of interaction. In particular, you must note that all non-economic, environmental variables have economic implications, and that is why these variables singly or jointly, affect business activity. Business must have a social purpose; business concern must discharge social responsibility and social obligations and have social commitment. Otherwise business cannot enjoy social sanction. We may identify the critical elements of the sociological environment of business. These elements are: Social institutions and systems Social values and attitudes Education and culture Role and responsibility of Government Social groups and movements Socio-economic order Social problems and prospects Social institutions and systems Social Institutions and systems develop through history, culture and heritage. The caste system, the fount family system, child marriage, sad and the patriarchal family are all examples of social institutions and systems. Until the recent past the caste system ensured a very simple occupational division of labour in our society. The place of the individual was very clearly defined in the social hierarchy of the joint family system where division making was centralized in the head of the family who commanded respect for his age and experience. Social Values and Attitudes In India Today, most of these age-old social institutions are dying fast. It is because the social values and attitudes are changing very fast. The western values of individualism have caught our imagination. Indian women no longer remain satisfied as housewives. Business does not remain confined any more within a given community or caste. Customs, traditions and conventions are no longer rigid. They become flexible. Society’s view of its authorities, responsibilities and delegation, its attitude towards business as a profession, towards achievement and work, towards ownership and management-all have very definite implications for the sociological environment of business. Education and Culture Then come Education and culture as an ingredient of the sociological environment. In this category you may list the attitude towards education; the need for business education; education matching the skill requirement of industry and manpower utilization the role of business schools and executive development programmes ; education versus training ; correlation between formal literacy and the level of culture; the spread of education and its impact on business ethics ; material progress and business morality ; business culture and organizational culture. Role and Responsibility of the Government At a given point of time, society has a level of achievements and aspirations. Such achievements and aspirations have to be defined clearly and categorically, and any divergence between the two has to be bridged through relentless social effort taking care of social welfare and social constraints. This is where the role of the Government as a welfare state comes in. The government is the apex social institution. It is the Government which has to make sure that social progress is not handicapped by the tyranny of the majority, otherwise social tension. Social Groups and Movements Social tension originates in groups composed of frustrated individuals from groups on the basis caste, creed, religion, language, trade and profession and similar other factors. Social groups and the social movements that they engineer are a critical variable of the non-economic environment. Some of  these groups have direct business interests. Thus, consumerism, trade unionism, the cooperative movement, professional management, and shareholder’s associations all pose challenges for business operations. Socio-economic order In a country like India, we have a plural society. Ours is a land of a variety of food, dress, languages, religions, and culture. We also have dual economy with the traditional sector co-existing with the modern sector. Technological dualism in India is very pronounced. Bullock Carts ply on the roads and the Airbus flies through the sky. All these make a very unique socio-economic order for India today. From time to time, this social order gets disturbed and modified, hopefully for the better, through social movements and social policy formulation on subjects like science and technology, ecology and forestry, family planning, animal husbandry etc. Social problems and prospects Social Problems and prospects are just offshoots of a changing socio-economic order. You might be aware that consequent to industrialism and socio-economic development in many developing countries, the death rate has fallen faster than the Birth rate, and this has resulted in an explosive growth of population. This in turn has brought about growing unemployment and poverty, poor housing and sanitation, urban congestion, pollution and increasing incidence of anti-social activities. Therefore, economists suggest that you should always attempt a social cost-benefit analysis of industrial development. As society moves from the pre-industrial stages of development, social benefits must outweigh social costs, otherwise the emerging new social order will prove unstable SOCIAL MOVEMENTS The nation has witnessed several social movements. With the passage of time, as industrialisation proceeded either in the form of a revolution or evolution, sooner or later organised movements were engineering by various social groups to protect their own interests. The class-conflict grew in intensity, and consequent upon that grew a variety of social movements. THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT Trade unionism is the child of industrialisation. With the growth of the industrial culture, workers have felt that their socio-economic interests cannot be protected if they do not come together in some sort of organized union. THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT Like the labour movement, the consumer movement also exercises a considerable influence on the socio-economic environment of business. A strong consumer movement is the sine qua non of a healthy household sector in an economy. THE MANAGEMENT MOVEMENT Compared to trade unionism and consumerism, the management movement in India has been relatively strong and distinct. Since Independence, one finds certain distinct trends in our corporate management Philosophy and structure. Independent India inherited a structure of corporate management which was dominated organisationally by the Managing Agency System, and entrepreneurially by particular business communities and, among them again by a group of families of big business houses. THE SHARE HOLDER’S MOVEMENT In our socio-culture environment of business, the shareholders’ movement is a recent offshoot of the professional management movement. The shareholders ‘are increasingly becomingly becoming aware of their legitimate rights. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT Issues related to protection of the environment and ecology have received worldwide attention not only in developed countries but also in the developing countries. Increasing concern has been expressed about environmental degradation which can risk human life and existence.